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In January 2009, the bitcoin network was created when Nakamoto mined the first block of this chain, known as the genesis block.1920 Embedded in the coinbase of the block has been the following text:"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. "10 This note has been interpreted as either a timestamp and a comment on the instability brought on by fractional-reserve banking.21:18.

The receiver of the initial bitcoin transaction was cypherpunk Hal Finney, who made the first reusable proof-of-work platform (RPOW) in 2004.22 Finney downloaded the bitcoin applications on its launch date, and on 12 January 2009 received ten bitcoins from Nakamoto.2324 Other ancient cypherpunk supporters were founders of bitcoin predecessors: Wei Dai, founder of b-money, and Nick Szabo, founder of bit golden.25 In 2010, the first known commercial transaction using bitcoin happened when programmer Laszlo Hanyecz purchased two Papa John's pizzas for 10,000 bitcoin.26.

Nakamoto is estimated to have mined one million bitcoins27 before disappearing in 2010, when he handed the network alert crucial and control of the code over to Gavin Andresen. Andresen later became lead programmer at the Bitcoin Foundation.2829 Andresen then sought to decentralize control. This left opportunity for controversy to grow over the future development path of bitcoin.3029.

After ancient"proof-of-concept" transactions, the first major users of bitcoin were black markets, such as Silk Road. During its 30 months of existence, beginning in February 2011, Silk Road exclusively accepted bitcoins as payment, transacting 9.9 million in bitcoins, worth roughly $214 million.31:222

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In 2011, the price started at $0.30 each bitcoin, growing to $5.27 for year. The cost rose to $31.50 on 8 June. Within a month the cost fell to $11.00. The next month it dropped to $7.80, and in another month to $4.77.32

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Litecoin, an early bitcoin spin-off or altcoin, appeared in October 2011.33 Many altcoins have been created since then.34

In 2012, bitcoin prices began at $5.27 growing to $13.30 for the year.32 By 9 January the cost had risen to $7.38, but then dropped by 49 percent to $3.80 over the next 16 days. The cost then climbed to $16.41 on 17 August, but fell by 57 percent to $7.10 over the next three times.35.

In March 2013 that the blockchain temporarily split into two independent chains with different rules. The two blockchains operated simultaneously for six hours, each using its own version of the transaction history. Normal operation was revived when the majority of the network downgraded to version 0.7 of the bitcoin applications.37 The Mt.

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Gox experienced processing delays because of insufficient capacity44 resulting in the bitcoin cost dropping from $266 to $76 prior content to returning to $160 within six hours.45 The bitcoin cost rose to $259 on 10 April, but then dropped by 83 percent to $45 within the next 3 days.35 On 15 May 2013, US authorities seized accounts associated with Mt.

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881.48 This marked the first time a government agency had captured bitcoin.4950 The FBI seized about 26,000 bitcoins in October 2013 from the dark website Silk Road during the arrest of Ross William Ulbricht.515253 Bitcoin's price climbed to $755 on 19 November and crashed by 50 percent to $378 exactly the same moment.

In 2014, prices began at $770 and dropped to $314 for the calendar year.32 In February 2014 that the Mt. Gox exchange, the most significant bitcoin exchange in the moment, stated that 850,000 bitcoins had been stolen from its own clients, amounting to nearly $500 million. Bitcoin's cost fell by nearly half, from $867 to $439 (a 49% drop).

In 2015. Prices began at $314 and climbed to $434 for year. In 2016 prices rose to $998 on 1 January 2017.32

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Prices started at $998 in 2017 and rose to $13,412.44 on 1 January 2018.32 On 17 December bitcoin's price attained an all-time high $19,666.35

China banned trading in bitcoin, together with the first measures taken in September 2017, and a complete ban starting 1 February 2018. Bitcoin prices then dropped from $9,052 to $6,914 on 5 February 2018.35 The percentage of bitcoin trading in renminbi fell from over 90 percent in September 2017 to less than 1% in June.58.

During the remaining first half of 2018, bitcoin's price fluctuated between $11,480 and $5,848. On 1 July 2018 bitcoin's price was 6,469.5960

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Bitcoin costs were negatively affected by numerous hacks or thefts from cryptocurrency exchanges, including thefts from Coincheck in January 2018, Coinrail and Bithumb in June, and Bancor in July. For the first six months of 2018, $761 million worth of cryptocurrencies was stolen from exchanges.61 Bitcoin's price was changed even though additional cryptocurrencies were stolen at Coinrail and Bancor, as investors worried about the security of cryptocurrency exchanges.626364.